The five pillars of reading are essential for developing literacy and understanding. First is phonemic awareness, the ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words. Second is phonics, which connects those specific sounds to written letters and patterns. Third is fluency, the ability to read text accurately, quickly, and with proper expression, which bridges the gap between word recognition and comprehension. Fourth is vocabulary, the bank of words a reader knows and can use to make sense of the text. Finally, there is comprehension, the ultimate goal of reading, where the reader actively engages with the material to extract meaning and context. Together, these five skills form the foundation that allows a person to move from learning to read.
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